Giochi dell'Oca e di percorso (by Luigi Ciompi & Adrian Seville)

	Torna alla ricerca giochi (back to game search)
Jeu des Manchons "La Couronne"

Versione stampabile

Invia una segnalazione

	primo autore:	Anonimo
	secondo autore:	Anonimo
	anno:	1900ca
	luogo:	Francia-Parigi
	periodo:	XX secolo (1°/4)
	percorso:	Percorso di 59 caselle numerate
	materiale:	cartoncino
	dimensioni:	270X385
	stampa:	Cromolitografia
	luogo acquisto:	Francia-Perigueuz (Aquitaine)
	data acquisto:	27-06-2017
	dimensioni confezione:
	numero caselle:	59
	categoria:	Pubblicità
	tipo di gioco:	Gioco di percorso
	editore:	Etab.ts Robert&C.ie, 55&57, Rue Louis-Blanc, Paris
	stampatore:	Etab.ts Robert&C.ie, 55&57, Rue Louis-Blanc, Paris
	proprietario:	Collezione A. Seville - L. Ciompi
	autore delle foto:	A. Seville - L. Ciompi
	numero di catalogo:	1284
	descrizione:	Gioco di 59 caselle numerate, spirale, antiorario, centripeto, pubblicitario del marchio "La Couronne". Negli angoli: "Ph. LEBON, inv.r de l'éclairage au gas"; "Les Gazomètres"; "Extraction de la houille donnant le gaz d'éclairage"; "Le Manchon La Couronne". Questo gioco dalle divertenti vignette pubblicizza le reticelle Auer di marca La Couronne, che erano un'importante forma di illuminazione a gas prima che prendesse piede l'illuminazione elettrica all'inizio del XX secolo. L'invenzione di questo sistema si deve a Carl Auer von Welsbach un chimico tedesco. Nel 1891 egli mise a punto una miscela di ossidi di terre rare che una volta scaldata dalla combustione del gas emetteva luce bianca dalle reticelle che ne erano imbevute. Il gioco coglie al volo ogni opportunità per enfatizzare la superiorità dell'illumunazione a gas su altre forme di illuminazione più datate e giustamente anche delle reticelle La Couronne sulla concorrenza. La casella 7 mostra il "bon achat" il buon acquisto ovvero una confezione di reticelle La Couronne e fa raddoppiare il punteggio. La casella 31 invece rappresenta un incidente causato dall'utilizzo di una reticella di scarsa qualità mostrandone le drammatiche conseguenze e costringendo il giocatore a tornare indietro per acquistare un prodotto migliore. Poteva infatti capitare che le reticelle si disintegrassero all'improvviso producendo un gran fragore, che alla casella 49 spaventa a morte un gatto e il suo padrone. Un interessante elemento è come la forma a cono della reticella sia stata utilizzata per vestire molti degli esseri umani raffigurati nel gioco. Sono piuttosto interessanti anche i riferimenti alla tecnologia per la produzione e l'uso delle reticelle da gas. REGOLE: al centro. "Se joue avec deux dés. Le nombre des joueurs est facultatif. Cas. 7): double ses points. Cas. 8): perd son tour une fois. Cas. 12): va au 24. Cas. 13): perd son tour une fois. Cas. 16): va au 18. Cas. 17): retourne au 6. Cas. 18): va au 26. Cas. 23): retourne au 15. Cas. 25): perd son tour une fois. Cas. 26): va au 36. Cas. 31): retourne au 7. Cas. 43): retourne au 18. Cas. 44): retourne au 32. Cas. 49): paye une indemnité et recommence. Cas. 50): va au 57. Cas. 55): retourne au 50. Pour gagner il faut arriver au 59, sinon retrograder sur le points en trop." CASELLE: con didascalia. Cas. 1): Eclairage ancien; Cas. 2): Premier reverbère au gas; Cas. 3): Le lumignon en fuite; Cas. 4): Usine "La Couronne". Tricotage des manchons; Cas. 5): Usine "La Couronne". Lavage des manchons; Cas. 6): L'allumage à la perche; Cas. 7): Le bon achat; Cas. 8): L'achat douteux; Cas. 9): La boite de six manchons; Cas. 10): Voiture de livraison; Cas. 11): Usine "La Couronne". Incineration des manchons; Cas. 12): Affiche "Chantecler"; Cas. 13): Le mauvais manchon; Cas. 14): L'allumoir à alcool; Cas. 15): "La Couronne" magasin de vente; Cas. 16): Marque Couronne Rouge. Qualité ordinaire; Cas. 17): L'allumeur distrait; Cas. 18): Marque Couronne Violette. Qualité superieure; Cas. 19): Le bec renversé: Cas. 20): Manchon pr. bec renversé; Cas. 21): Boites pour 1 manchon; Cas. 22): Etui pour deux manchons; Cas. 23): Le mauvais manchon "Tocar"; Cas. 24): Tableau "La Couronne"; Cas. 25): La vieille lampe à petrole; Cas. 26): Marque Couronne verte. Qualité extra-superieure; Cas. 27): Le bec "Anox"; Cas. 28): La suspension à potence; Cas. 29): Collerettes; Cas. 30): Manomètre Couttolenc; Cas. 31): Accident du au mauvais manchon; Cas. 32): Le bec bien reglé; Cas. 33): Auto-allumeurs fumivores; Cas. 34): Auto-allumeurs divers; Cas. 35): Le globe à trous (sili-chrome); Cas. 36): Le verre à trous (sili-chrome); Cas. 37): La suspension centrale; Cas. 38): Un depot de manchons; Cas. 39): La cheminée mica; Cas. 40): Manchon renversé steatite; Cas. 41): Le baton remplacé; Cas. 42): L'ampoule à trous; Cas. 43): Le mauvais manchon; Cas. 44): Le bec mal reglé; Cas. 45): L'allumeur pr. baton Cas. 46): Sa majesté gros bec et sa verrine speciale; Cas. 47): Usine "La Couronne". Expèditions des manchons; Cas. 48): Le réverbère parisien et son manchon "La Couronne"; Cas. 49): Le mauvaid manchon; Cas. 50): Le manchon "La Couronne"; Cas. 51): "Le Commodo"; Cas. 52): Réflecteurs divers; Cas. 53): Allumoior droit à main; Cas. 54): Réflecteur de coté; Cas. 55): Mauvais manchon; Cas. 56): Bec de 25 litres; Cas. 57): Le phare à manchon; Cas. 58): Le bec à veilleuse; Cas. 59): Gr.d prix des manchons gagné par "La Couronne". REFERENZA 1 Game 57: Game of ‘Crown’ Gas Mantles. "Jeu des Manchons ‘La Couronne’". France: [c. 1900]. Chromolithograph, 26 x 37 cm. This charmingly lithographed game advertises the La Couronne brand of gas mantles, which were an important form of illumination before electric lighting became commonplace in the early 20th century. The modern gas mantle was invented by Carl Auer von Welsbach, a German chemist who in 1891 perfected a mixture of rare-earth oxides that gave off a good white light from a relatively strong mantle. This game, of 59 spaces, does not have the formal structure of Goose, though its rules employ similar devices. Every opportunity is taken to demonstrate the superiority of gas lighting over outmoded forms and indeed of the Couronne mantles over their competitors. Space 7 shows le bon achat [a good buy, this being a pack of La Couronne mantles, where you may double your throw]. Space 31 is accident du au mauvais manchon [accident due to a bad mantle], shows the dramatic consequences and sends you back to space 7 to buy a better product. Likewise, space 49 shows a cat and its agitated owner both in terror following a similar mishap. Gas mantles were prone to catastrophic and sudden disintegration, so the exaggeration is only slight! An attractive feature of the game is that the cone shape of the mantle is used to ”dress” many of the human figures represented. The game also shows much of the technology of the production and use of gas mantles at the time. (Adrian Seville) Exhibitions: - "The Royal Game of the Goose four hundred years of printed Board Games". Exhibition at the Grolier Club, February 23 - May 14, 2016 (Prof. Adrian Seville).
	bibliografia:	1) SEVILLE, Adrian: "The Royal Game of the Goose four hundred years of printed Board Games". Catalogue of an Exhibition at the Grolier Club, February 23 - May 14, 2016, pag. 119. 2)Carl Auer von Welsbach. 3) VOON, Claire:"How the World’s Oldest Printed Board Game Rolled Propaganda into Play", 28 April 2016. 4) SEVILLE, Adrian: "L'arte dei giochi da tavolo. Oltre un secolo di storia e divertimento dalla fine del Settecento all'inizio del Novecento." Edizioni White Star, 2019.
		Carl Auer von Welsbach
		Carl Auer von Welsbach, also known as Carl Auer, Freiherr von Welsbach (1 September 1858 - 4 August 1929) was an Austrian scientist and inventor who had a talent not only for discovering advances, but also for turning them into commercially successful products. He is particularly well known for his work on rare earth elements, which led to the development of the flint used in modern lighters, the gas mantle which brought light to the streets of Europe in the late 19th century, and for the development of the metal filament light bulb. Early life Carl Auer was born in Vienna on 1 September 1858 to Therese and Alois Auer. Alois, ennobled in 1860, was director of the Imperial printing office (K.-k. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei) in the days of the Austrian Empire. Carl went to high schools in Mariahilf and Josefstadt. After leaving school in 1877, he joined the Austro-Hungarian Army and was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant. In 1878 Auer entered the University of Vienna, studying mathematics, general chemistry, engineering physics, and thermodynamics. He then moved to the University of Heidelberg in 1880, where he continued his studies in chemistry under the direction of Robert Bunsen (inventor of the Bunsen burner). In 1882 he received his degree of Ph.D. and returned to Vienna to work as an unpaid assistant in Prof. Adolf Lieben's laboratory, working with chemical separation methods for investigations on rare earth elements. Rare earths In 1885, Von Welsbach used a method that he developed himself to separate the alloy didymium into its two parts for the first time. He saw several different colored versions which he named "praseodymium" (green) and "neodidymium" (pink); the latter then became the more common name for the element, neodymium. Gas mantle Later that year Auer von Welsbach received a patent on his development of the gas mantle, which he called Auerlicht, using a chemical mixture of 60% magnesium oxide, 20% lanthanum oxide and 20% yttrium oxide which he called Actinophor. To produce a mantle, guncotton is impregnated with a mixture of Actinophor and then heated, the cotton eventually burns away leaving a solid (albeit fragile) ash which glows brightly when heated. These original mantles gave off a green-tinted light and were not very successful, and his first company formed to sell them failed in 1889. In 1890 he introduced a new form of the mantle based on a mixture of 99% thorium dioxide and 1% cerium(IV) oxide which he developed in collaboration with his colleague Dr. Haittinger. These proved both more robust as well as having a much "whiter" light. Another company founded to produce the newer design was formed in 1891, working with fellow student from the university Ignaz Kreidl, and the device quickly spread throughout Europe. He then started work on development of metal-filament mantles, first with platinum wiring, and then osmium. Osmium is very difficult to work with, but he developed a new method which mixed osmium oxide powder with rubber or sugar into a paste, which is then squeezed through a nozzle and fired. The paste burns away, leaving a fine wire of osmium. Although originally intended to be a new mantle, it was during this period that electricity was being introduced into the market, and he started experimenting with ways to use the filaments as a replacement for the electric arc light. He worked on this until finally developing a workable technique in 1898, and started a new factory to produce his Auer-Oslight, which he introduced commercially in 1902. The metal filament light bulb was a huge improvement on the existing carbon filament designs, lasting much longer, using about 1/2 the electricity for the same amount of light, and being much more robust. Lighting flint In 1903 Auer von Welsbach won another patent for a fire striker ("flint") composition named ferrocerium. Welsbach's flints consisted of pyrophoric alloys, 70% cerium and 30% iron, which when scratched or struck would give off sparks. This system remains in wide use in cigarette lighters today. In 1907 he formed Treibacher Chemische Werke GesmbH to build and market the devices. In 1920 he received the Siemens-Ring as his name had become a synonym for the rise of artificial lightning. Over the rest of his life he turned again to "pure" chemistry and published a number of papers on chemical separation and spectroscopy. He presented a major paper on his work on the separation of radioactive elements in 1922. (Wikipedia 21/7/17)
		Philippe LeBon
		Philippe le Bon (or Lebon) (D'Humbersin) (May 29, 1767 - December 1, 1804) was a French engineer, born in Brachay, France. There is much confusion about his life and accomplishments. His main contributions were improvements to steam engines and industrializing the extraction of lighting gas from wood. He died assassinated in 1804. He also designed, though apparently did not build, a wood gas engine. (Not the first.) Like other early engines, it had no compression in its main cylinder. It has three mechanically connected cylinders, each double acting, one to compress the air, one to compress the gas and one driven by the burned mixture. This engine resembles an internal combustion engine, but the combustion actually takes place in a combustion chamber separated by mechanically controlled valves from the cylinders. This makes it a steam engine running on combustion products instead of on steam, or the piston equivalent of a gas turbine. Hardenberg's analysis shows a theoretical efficiency and specific power much less than those of the earlier Street engine, but this assumes that the intake valve stays open during the whole power stroke. Assuming that the inventor had more in his mind than what he wrote on paper and therefore allowing arbitrary valve timing, its idealized thermodynamic cycle is similar to that of a gas turbine, which can have a high compression ratio and relatively high efficiency. This assumes, contrary to what Hardenberg seems to assume, that the combustion chamber would have been big enough to act as a pressure reservoir. Of course one's place in history depends on what one does and writes more than on what one can be assumed to have thought. Certainly, all but possibly Hardenberg, must have seen that it would give more room for optimization than the Street engine did. The reasons that it has never been used must be the obvious thermal and mechanical problems, such as heat loss from the combustion products to the containing structures. In 1801, Philippe Lebon invented an engine that improved on Robert Steele's design. It used coal gas ignited by an electric spark. This was the first internal combustion engine. Although, very inefficient it would be later improved in the future. In current society the internal combustion is used in the exceptional modern car. (Wikipedia 21/7/17)

Vai alla ricerca giochi         Vai all'elenco autori