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Bowles's Royal Pastime of Cupid or Entertaining Game of the Snake

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	primo autore:	Anonimo
	secondo autore:	Bowles & Carver
	anno:	1793/1830
	luogo:	Inghilterra-Londra
	periodo:	XVIII secolo (4°/4) - XIX secolo (1°-2°/4)
	percorso:	Percorso di 63 caselle numerate
	materiale:	carta (paper) (papier)
	dimensioni:	000X000
	stampa:	Acquaforte (taille-douce) (ecthing)
	luogo acquisto:
	data acquisto:
	dimensioni confezione:
	numero caselle:	63
	categoria:	Amore, matrimonio e famiglia
	tipo di gioco:	Gioco di percorso
	editore:	Bowles&Carver
	stampatore:	Printed for Bowles&Carver Map and Printsellers N°69 in St Pauls Church Yard, London.
	proprietario:	1) Collezione Privata Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Museum 1975-311. 2) In: Board Game Geek [60171]
	autore delle foto:	- Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Museum 1975-311. - Board Game Geek [60171]
	numero di catalogo:	2489
	descrizione:	Gioco di 63 caselle numerate, spirale, orario, centripeto che ha la forma di un serpente. Questo gioco forse si ispira ad un gioco della metà del XVIII secolo realizzato da Robert Sayer, mercante di carte e di stampe a cui successero nel 1794 Robert Laurie & James Whittle e nel 1813 Richard H. Laurie. L'antico gioco egiziano del serpente, di forma spirale, può aver ispirato molti giochi di società, ma le regole rimangono ancora sconosciute. Di solito nel Gioco del Serpente alla casella 63 (“The Delightfull Garden of Cupid") si trova: - tre coppie di amanti con Cupidi fra le nuvole (De Jode Pieter 1620ca / Veuve Petit 1640ca); - Cupido che affila la punta della sua freccia in un giardino (Laurie&Whittle, 1794 / Lumsden, 1810-1830ca / R. H. Laurie,1850ca); - una coppia contadina che balla accompagnata da un Cupido che suona uno strumento (Visscher, 1625ca / Garrett, 1690ca / Dicey, 1736-40); - un Cupido da solo con il suo arco (Carington Bowles 1756 / Bowles&Carver 1763-1780ca); - due personaggi che giocano a tavola in presenza di un Cupido (Anonimo XVIII° secolo). In questo esemplare si notano alcune differenze rispetto agli altri giochi del Serpente: - sotto la testa del serpente e sopra le regole si trova una tazza, un calice ed i dadi; - la casella 30 rappresenta una fontana con personaggio; - la casella 54 presenta un personaggio; - la casella 59 presenta un personaggio con tavolo; - la casella 63 rappresenta un Cupido con l'arco in mano. In basso a sinistra: "Printed for Bowles&Carver Map and Printsellers N°69 in St Pauls Church Yard, London." In basso a destra: "Where may be had Bowles's Royal&Entertaining Game of the Goose."(Arch. n°2615). Vedi anche l'esemplare realizzato da Carington Bowles (1763/93) (Arch. n°927). Un altro analogo esemplare realizzato però da Carrington Bowles, è stato venduto ad un collezionista privato da Murray Hudson, un antiquario del Tennessee, che lo ha datato 1765ca. Anche questo esemplare si presenta unico per gli stessi dettagli descritti sopra. La data di pubblicazione più plausibile è molto probabilmente il 1784, data in cui il gioco compare in un catalogo stampato da Carrington Bowles. Non esiste una versione italiana di questo gioco ad esclusione de "Il Novo et Piacevol Gioco del Giardin d’Amore (Arch. n°1105) che a parità di tema si gioca però come il gioco della civetta. REGOLE: ai lati del tavoliere. CASELLE: mute. Cas. 1) Porta; Cas. 5) Ponte; Cas. 7) Cupido; Cas. 12) Sedia; Cas. 14) Cupido; Cas. 16) Tavolo con dadi (6+1); Cas. 18) Cupido; Cas. 21) Cupido; Cas. 25) Tavolo con dadi (5+2); Cas. 28) Cupido; Cas. 30) Fontana; Cas. 35) Cupido; Cas. 38) Cupido; Cas. 42) Cupido; Cas. 43) Tavolo con dadi (3+4); Cas. 46) Labirinto; Cas. 49) Cupido; Cas. 54) Personaggio; Cas. 56) Cupido; Cas. 59) Personaggio con tavolo; Cas. 63) Cupido con arco e frecce. NOTA: vedi esemplari: Arch. n°862, Arch. n°1240, Arch. n°1309, Arch. n°2341, Arch. n°2342, Arch. n°2354, Arch. n°2487, Arch. n°2488, Arch. n°2490, Arch. n°2518, Arch. n°2519. REFERENZA 1 ***(A): Carrington Bowles, ca. 1765: Private Collection. This Carington Bowles print, dated “ca. 1765” was sold to a private collector by Murray Hudson, dealer in antique maps, globes, books and prints, based in Tennessee. Some design details and the central motif in space 63 differ from the arrow-sharpening design used by R H Laurie and his predecessors, and from the ‘peasant-dance’ design used by William Dicey and John Garrett. As the design of the Carington Bowles edition has unique features, primarily the central motif, it would be interesting to trace the source: - It may be Carington Bowles or a predecessor simply sought to make the Bowles design distinctive; - Or (as piracy was rife) it may be based on an unknown source. Carington Bowles was active in St Paul’s Churchyard 1763-1793. “Bowles’s Royal Pastime of Cupid” is included in Carington Bowles’s 1784 catalogue. While the dealer’s estimated “ca. 1765” is a plausible date, the only evidence of a publication date for the Bowles edition of Cupid is the 1784 catalogue entry. ***(B): Bowles&Carver. London (1793-1830 ) “Bowles Royal Pastime of Cupid or Entertaining Game of the Snake”. Private collection via Board Game Geek [60171]. Another copy of the Bowles’ cupid has been located in a private collection via Board Game Geek. This later issue has the imprint Bowles & Carver. Carington Bowles’s son, Henry Carington Bowles, operated theSt Paul’s Churchyard business in partnership with Samuel Carver as Bowles & Carver (1793-1830). ((Eddie Duggan)) REFERENZA 2 The rules of the game The rules explain that the cupids in every seventh circle represent a favourable space, where one cannot halt and has to advance the number thrown with the dice until a space without a cupid is reached. The combination of the numbers on the two dice could determine an advantage as one could proceed to the space with an image of the dice. The Game of Cupid has three such fortunate combinations, in which the number thrown makes up seven. As a metaphor of the course of life, hazards can also be encountered, again seven in total. These are basically the same as in the Game of the Goose, although they occur on different spaces and there are some differences in the icons and their meaning. In the Game of Cupid, the bridge of love, la puente del Amor, means one has to pay a tribute to Cupid and can advance to space 12 to rest in the depicted chair. The throne of love in space 18 has the same function as the inn in space 19 of the Game of the Goose; one has to pay a fine and skip a turn. The same applies for the banquet in space 38 of the Game of Cupid and the prison in space 52 of the Game of the Goose. The well or fountain in spaces 30 and 31 are identical; a fine is to be paid and one is only released when another player arrives on the same space or else one stays there until the end of the game. The Game of Cupid has an additional icon in space 54, the forest, which has the same rule. The labyrinths in spaces 42 and 46 are similar, although the hazard is more severe in the Game of Cupid; a prize is to be paid and one has to return to space 39 and 23 respectively, which means a setback of just three over 23 spaces. Obviously, the skeleton or tomb on spaces 58 and 59 in both games mean death, the most severe hazard; one pays a fine and has to start over. As compared with the Game of the Goose, the Game of Cupid has one additional, advantageous rule: the number 7 is favourable and privileged in this game, so the one who throws it, and reaches the throne, the well, the banquet, the labyrinth, the forest, or the tomb, shall pay nothing, shall not stay there nor go back, but shall only double his number until he is in a safe space. The player who is the first to arrive exactly at number 63, wins the game and collects all the fines payed. Since number 63 - the central image - represents the garden of love where winged cupids aim their arrows at the couples, who knows what other pleasant prize the winner could look forward to! (Marjolein Leesberg) Exhibitions:
	bibliografia:	1) ALLEMAGNE, Henry-René D’: "Le noble jeu de l’oie en France, de 1640 à 1950", Ed. Grund, Parigi 1950. 2) BECKER, Udo: "The Continuum Encyclopedia of Symbols", New York, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2000. 3) WHITEHAUSE, F.R.B.: "Table Games of Georgian and Victorian Days", London, Peter Garnett, 1951. 4) GOODFELLOW, Caroline: "A Collector's Guide to Games and Puzzles" Secaucus, New Jersey, Chartwell Books-London, Quintet Publishing Limited 1991. 5) GOODFELLOW, Caroline: "The Development of the English Board Game, 1770-1850", in Board Games Studies 1, 1998. 6) GOODFELLOW, Caroline: "Jeux de société. Le guide du collectionneur des jeux de société depuis le XVIIIe siècle jusqu’à nos jours", (Edizione francese) Carrousel MS, 2001. 7) BUIJNSTERS, P. J. - BUIJNSTERS-SMETS, Leontine: "PAPERTOYS. Speelprenten en papieren speelgoed in Nederland (1640-1920)". Waanders Uitgevers-Zwolle, 2005. 8) DEPAULIS, Thierry: “Trois jeux imprimés du début du XVIIe siècle par la veuve Petit à Paris.” Arbeitskreis Bild Druck Papier, Vol. 16 (Muenster: Waxmann Verlag, 2012). 9) LEESBERG, Marjolein: "El Juego Real de Cupido: a Spanish board game published in Antwerp, c. 1620." In: "Delineavit et Sculpsit" n°39, 2015. 10) SEVILLE, Adrian: "The Royal Game of the Goose four hundred years of printed Board Games". Catalogue of an Exhibition at the Grolier Club, February 23 - May 14, 2016. 11) DUGGAN, Eddie: "The Royal Pastime of Cupid: three early printed board games in the Bodleian Library's, John Johnson Collection of Printed Ephemera". University of Suffolk Department of Science and Technology, 2017.(Duggan Eddie). 12) DUGGAN, Eddie: "Chasing Geese: “The Royal Pastime of Cupid or Entertaining Game of the Snake” (SFHEA University of Suffolk, UK), Board Game Studies Colloquium XX. University of Copenhagen 17-20 May 2017.(Duggan Eddie). 13) ANDREWS, Jeanmarie: "Early Board Games.The Game of Education." In: "Early American Life". Volume 48, Christmas. Ohio November 2-5, 2017. 2017.
		The Royal Pastime of Cupid or Entertaining Game of the Snake
		The symbolic significance of the number seven (Marjolein Leesberg)
		In the Game of Cupid the spiral shape of the Game of the Goose was transformed into that of a coiled snake. This feature is explained at lower left, above the ‘Rules’: It is to be noted that this game is represented in the shape of a snake, because Love guised as a snake sneaks into the heart of those who possess it, and poisons them with its venim, and for several other attractive reasons, which the lack of space on this piece of paper does not allow to explain here. Similar to the Game of the Goose, the Game of Cupid has 63 circular spaces. In the latter, cupids replace the geese in spaces with regular intervals. Whereas the geese appear in every fifth and fourth space, the nine cupids occupy every seventh circle. It is a unique feature of the Game of Cupid that it starts, at top left, with an explanation of the philosophy of the numbers used: ‘This game is composed of the number 7 multiplied nine times, of which the product gives 63 because Love is pleased by this number, being very perfect’. This philosophy was based on medieval numerology. Lost to the present gamer, the symbolic significance of numbers was apparent to 16th- and 17th-century minds. The number seven and its multiplications correspond with the so-called climacterics, every seventh year marking a turning point in a person’s life, with 9 x 7 = 63 being the ‘grand climacteric’. Once having passed this critical age of 63 – the number of the winning space of the game – man could enjoy peace and wisdom. As such, both the Game of the Goose and the Game of Cupid represent the course of life, with icons symbolising advantages and hazards, a metaphor of the fortunes and fates during the path of life.

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