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Nome autore: De Fer Antoine/Nicolas 
Nazionalità: Francia 
Città: Parigi 
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 Antoine de Fer (publisher/printer; French; Male; 1675 c.)
Address:
1633: Quai de l'Ile de Paris, près du Pont de Bois.
1646: L'Age de Fer, au bout du Pont au Change devant l'Horloge du Palais (Paris).
1652: A la Sphere Royale (Paris).
Bibliography: Préaud
Biography: Print publisher; in 1633 married Geneviève Hourlier, who took over the business until she ceded it to her son Nicolas (q.v.) in 1687.
Also Known As: Fer, Antoine de

Antoine de Fer (16.. - 1673)
Country:France
Language: français
Gender: masculin
Birth: 16..
Death: 1673
Commercial activities: Éditeur, Distributeur
Note: Enlumineur, marchand d'estampes et éditeur. Assez vite spécialisé dans la géographie, il s'associa avec Nicolas Berey, Melchior Tavernier et Jacques Lagniet. - Père de Nicolas de Fer.
Variants of the name:
Antoine De Fer (16.. - 1673)
De Fer (16.. - 1673)
(BNF)

Nicolas de Fer (1646 - 25 October 1720) was a French cartographer and geographer. He also was an engraver and publisher. His works focused more on quantity than quality, there were often geographical errors, and they were more artistic than accurate.
Early life
De Fer was the youngest of three sons of Antoine de Fer, who was also a cartographer. When he was 12, he became the apprentice of Parisian engraver Louis Spirinx, and made his first map, of the Canal du Midi, at the age of 23. After the death of his father in June 1673, his mother Geneviève initially took over the map making company, which had begun to decline. She passed it and the atelier, called Quai de L'Horloge, on to Nicolas in 1687 because of her old age.
Career
De Fer was so successful at improving the firm that, in 1690, he became the official geographer to Louis, Dauphin of France. With support from the Spanish and French Royal Families, de Fer also became official geographer for Philip V and Louis XIV, the kings of Spain and France, respectively. Because of this, his maps became Bourbon propaganda, endorsing French King Louis XIV. His business flourished, producing town plans, atlases, wall maps, and more than 600 sheet maps.[3] He made maps of places in Europe and North America, including New Spain, places fortified by Vauban, the Low Countries, and the War of the Spanish Succession. In 1698, de Fer published a map of North America, which included a depiction of beavers building dams near Niagara Falls. Seventeen years later, Herman Moll published a map which plagiarized elements of de Fer's work, particularly the beaver scene. It became known as the "Beaver map". De Fer became the official geographer for His Catholic Majesty in 1720. Two of his sons-in-law, Guillaume Danet and Jaques-François Bénard, continued the company after de Fer's death on 25 October of that year until around 1760.

Nicolas de Fer (1646(?) - 1720)
Country:France
Gender:masculin
Birth: 1647
Death: 25 - 10 - 1720
Commercial activities: Marchand d'estampes
Note: Éditeur et marchand de cartes et d'estampes; graveur. - Géographe (ordinaire) de Sa Majesté catholique (1702) et de Monseigneur le Dauphin 1690); géographe des Enfants royaux. - Fils du marchand d'estampes Antoine de Fer. Dit âgé de 12 ans lors de son entrée en apprentissage chez le graveur Louis Spirinx (mai 1659). Travaille avec son père jusqu'à la mort de ce dernier en juin 1673, puis avec sa mère jusqu'en 1687, année où celle-ci lui cède son commerce (8 nov. 1687). Ingénieur et cartographe. A sans doute exercé l'art de la gravure mais aucune œuvre à son nom ne semble avoir subsisté. Emploie plusieurs graveurs qui emportent l'ouvrage dans leur atelier. Inventaire après décès 6 nov. 1720. Faute d'acheteur, ses trois gendres, le papetier Guillaume Danet, les graveurs Rémy Richer et Jacques-François Bénard, se partagent l'affaire en trois lots égaux. Seuls G. Danet et J. - F. Bénard continuent le commerce.
Variant of the name:
Nicolas De Fer (1647? - 1720)
(BNF)

Nicolas de Fer
Nicolas de Fer (Parigi, 1646 – Parigi, 1720) è stato un cartografo, geografo e incisore francese.
Ereditata l'attività dal padre Antoine de Fer, Nicolas fu un cartografo molto prolifico, infatti pubblicò 600 tra mappe e atlanti, apprezzati più per le qualità decorative che per l'accuratezza geografica. Nondimeno, la sua reputazione crebbe a tal punto che diventò geografo reale. Nicolas de Fer in particolare pubblicò mappe tra cui spicca quella della Francia politica, amministrativa, clericale, geografica, etc.., ma tra i suoi principali lavori spicca "Atlas Curieux où le Monde représenté dans les Cartes Générales et Particulières du Ciel et de la Terre" che è una delle sue prime opere del 1700. Nel 1716/17, Nicolas de Fer raccoglie tutte le sue opere in un libro in due parti: la prima, datata 1705, chiamato "Atlas Curieux". In questo atlante De Fer pubblicò diverse mappe delle Americhe tra cui le Isole d'America, note come i Caraibi, l'Isola di S. Domingo, l'Isola di Giamaica, l'Isola di Martinica. Fra i suoi lavori ricordiamo diversi atlanti: "France Triomphante", del 1693; "Forces de L'Europe", 1696; "Atlas Curieux", 1705; "Atlas Royal", dans l'Isle du Palais sur le Quay de l'Horloge a la Sphere Royale, "Introduction de la Fortification", 1693.




 

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